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The Agricultural and Pastoral revolutions took place when our Neo-Tech ancestors learned to cultivate crops (rather than simply gather what nature provided in the wild) and to domesticate animals (such as sheep, goats, cattle, horses, and dogs) rather than hunting them. This permitted the establishment of permanent communities, since man was no longer so dependent on following wild animals. Men moved from a nomadic, foraging state of existence into one where some of them could discover more about tool production and specialize in making such implements as stone bladed knives, bow drills with flint for starting fires, fish hooks, stronger axes, and even plows, while others specialized in growing food and tending livestock. It thus became profitable both to the individual and the group for those who excelled in particular skills to become full-time craftsmen, exchanging their goods and services for the food and work of others. These craftsmen were traders -- in effect, the earliest businessmen -- and found it profitable and beneficial to market their values in exchange for the values of others. Through specialization and the division of labor, they were able to produce goods and services that had never existed before. They contributed magnificent values to their own civilizations.
During Neolithic times, other advances in civilization took place. Some men conceived of various ideas to improve their mode of living. This included the use of mud and brick in the construction of their dwellings. Other new developments included a simple loom for weaving cloth out of wool, balance scales for weighing items of barter, the first efforts at irrigation, and methods to safely store seed and grain. The surplus goods -- what we today call the accumulation of capital -- necessitated the use of "ideograms," which were simple pictorial representations, indicating the ownership and the amounts of wealth in safekeeping.
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