The Scientific Method Today

Thomas J. Watson recognized a "felt difficulty" and developed IBM into a leader in the field of computer technology.

This is an example of how the innovative and creative efforts of one man, his organization, and related industries have added trillions of dollars to our gross national product.

What? Why? Which? Where? When? Who? How? If?

Thomas Edison was constantly on the alert to find and solve problems.

He held more than 1000 patents, including famous ones for the electric light, phonograph, movie projector, and microphone -- adding trillions of dollars to ur gross national product.

Stage #2:

IS THERE A PROBLEM ?

An idea, problem, decision or tentative theory should be presented in the form of a question because: It encourages you to keep an open mind, and thus seek the "truth" and not to prove a statement A question is a tool and a guide for productive thinking about problem solving and investigation of a new subject.

Develop a passion to solve! Define the problem carefully so you know what direction to take:

• It prevents you from wasting time and may indicate whether it is solvable.
• A wide enough (but not too wide) definition allows for alternate solutions.
• "A problem properly defined is often half-solved."

• Consider purpose, goals, criteria, and significance.
• Ask What?, Why?, Which?, Where?, When?, Who?, How?, If?
• Know the domains in which the problem falls.
• If you don't know enough about the subject, you may have to loop ahead to Ingredient #4 and search for information to help define the problem.
• If problem was assigned to you, review its origin. Read and reread it.
• Define the problem's deep (or basic) structure. Juggle the elements.
• End with a question that is brief, clear, purposeful, and thought-provoking.
• Plan to revise the definition as your research proceeds. Again, read and reread it!

Things to Write Down, Consider,
or Do About the Problem

Be alert for any possible solutions. Even if enthused with any solutions that arise, consider them tentative until you use Stages #4 through #6.

Réné Déscartes in A Discourse on Méthod (1637) advised: Never accept anything for true which you do not clearly know to be such. Divide each difficulty into as many parts as possible for it's adequate solution. Commence with the simplest and easiest to know. Do a complete review so nothing is omitted.